Short Biography about Nelson Mandela

 turning points:

 1.  his father died, then Mandela wanted to  become a chief of his local tribe.

 2. In 1944 Mandela helped found the ANC Youth League, whose Programme of Action was adopted by the ANC in 1949.

 3. By the end of 50s, Mandela  resigned from the ANC and work underground.

4.  In 1960 the Sharpeville massacre of 63 black South African’s changed the whole political climate.

 5.  By 1962 Mandela had been arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in the notorious Robben Island prison.

 6. Mandela was  released in 1990.

Fred Hollows (1929 - 1993)

date lines

1929_was born in New Zealand.
1960_ got a job in Australia.
1965_was head of the Eye Department at a Sydney hospital.
1970_ helped launch a national program to attack eye disease in Aboriginal Australians.
1980_ was travelling all over the world to help set up eye health programs in developing countries.
1989_had a cancer
1993_ died at home surrounded by his friends, his wife Gabi and their five children

personal achievements

Fred gave thousands of people, all over the world, their eyesight back
he helped to set up the first Aboriginal Medical Service. There are now more than 60 across Australia.
Fred Hollows became to be known as the 'wild colonial boy' of Australian surgery,

He discovered that almost all Aboriginal people in outback communities had eye diseases. Diseases caused by dirty conditions and poor health. These were problems that could be easily avoided. 
he helped launch a national program to attack eye disease in Aboriginal Australians
Fred travelled all over the world to help set up eye health programs in developing countries.

Kath Walker

date lines

• 1941_Joinēd the Australian Women's Army Service
• 1958_ joined the Queensland Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders
• 1960_activist and public speaker
• 1962_becoming the first Queensland state secretary
• 1964_ first collection of poems We are Going was published by Jacaranda Press
• 1968 _attended a World Council of Churches consultation on racism in London

personal achievements

 she was a poet, activist and public speaker.she articulated the feelings of Aboriginal people īn all Australia in special way.
Kathleen Ruska had grown up with her family on North Stradbroke Island and had worked as a domestic through the Depression.
she  Joined the Australian Women's Army Service.she became well known as an Aboriginal spokesperson.
she joined the Queensland Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.
 She rejected the coalition politics she had previously espoused,
 arguing instead for Aboriginal people to become a unified and solid fighting force before they entered into coalitions with whites.
. She worked for a treaty between Black and White Australians and, until her death,
she was engaged in activities to right injustice from the community level of Stradbroke Island to the national level.
She believed passionately in the power of education to reform an unjust world.

Giving index shows where most generous suburbs are 

note 

• People in Middle Park and Mosman made the biggest average donations in dollar terms .
• Castlemaine, Blue Mountains and Melbourne's Brunswick were the most generous  areas .
• The average donation size grew by $12 to $348 .
• The list of generous areas changes when postcodes are ranked by charitable giving as a share of income.
• Growth in charitable giving was strongest among people over 65. 

samurry 

People in affluent suburbs of Middle Park in Melbourne and Mosman in Sydney made the biggest average donations in dollar terms, it's different story when suburbs are ranked by charitable giving as a share of income.By this measure, Castlemain in Victoria , parts of blue mountain's Brunswick  and Eitzroy were among the most generous areas . The bank said that the average donation size grew by $12 to $348 . When measured in raw dollars, Melbourne's Middle Park had the highest average donation amount of $327 a person, Followed by Mosman, with an average amount of $ 295 a person, followed by Hunters Hill then Toorak in Melbourne. However the list changes when postcodes are ranked by charitable giving as a share of income. Growth in charitable giving was strongest among people over 65, with 12 per cent growth, NAB said.